BAM

BAM = Binary Alignment Map

When carrying out a DNA sequence, classically a sequencing machine will produce a BAM file. The BAM file can later be aligned, agains a reference genome.

BAM files can be problematically large.

CRAM

CRAM = Compressed Reference-oriented Alignment Map

A compressed form of BAM file, that can be processed while remaining compressed.

CRAM files, while smaller than BAM files, remain problematically large.

CSV

CSV = Comma-separated values

CSV files are often used to hold exome or WES DNA data.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated to DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder — a shape known as a double helix.

DNAddress

The word "DNAddress" is a conjunction or portmanteau of DNA & Address.

The concept of a DNAddress came out of the patenting of undisclosed DNA comparison. In the patents the description of a DNAddress is refered to as a 'Genetic Address'.

A DNAddress can be deduced from a sequence of DNA. The originating DNA sequence can not be deduced from the DNAddress. Whereas the size of a DNA sequence can reasonabley be described as impractically large, for many operations, the size of a DNAddress is nearer the size of a meaty email address. Comparison of DNAddresses renders the likely genetic distance between the owners of the original DNA. Comparison of DNAddresses can be done on a mass basis, making it possible to develop an email service, whereby people can email their unknown family.

Likely can be firmed up to confident by use of Genetic Cryptography, still without disclosing any DNA sequence.

DNApi

DNApi = DNA Application Programmers Interface

The interface to the reference implementation of the Undisclosed DNA software suite.

DNApp

An software program that reads in a DNA sequence, potentially in the form of a BAM file and produces the DNA sequence's DNAddress & genetic keys.

DNApp can also be used to DNA-sign a message & verify the genetic relatedness of a message from a third party.

eStamp

An electronic stamp that can be attached to an email, sent using a DNAddress.

eStamps are DNAddress specific & can be used to fund use of Undisclosed DNA projects.

Exome

The part of the genome that consists of exons. In humans, the exome is 1% to 2% of the genome.

Genetic Cryptography

Cryptography, using DNA as key material.

In classic cryptography, the relationship between keys is purely mathematical. In genetic cryptography, it can be biological.

Genome

The complete set of DNA in an organism. In people, almost every cell in the body contains a complete copy of the genome. The genome contains all of the information needed for a person to develop and grow.

KAd

KAd = Key Address

A file format used to hold a DNAddress along with associated genetic keys. The DNAddress can be used to connect probable relatives & the genetic keys can be used to confirm or deny relatedness.

A KAd file does not contain sequenced DNA nor can sequenced DNA be derived from a KAd file.

Private / Private key pair

Similar to Public / Private key pair, except both keys are private & the connection between them is genetic, rather than strictly speaking mathematical.

The use case is somewhat different, in that private / private key pairs are used to confirm or deny genetic relationship, usually initially indicated by DNAddresses.

Public / Private key pair

Public / Private key cryptography is a method of encrypting or signing data with two different mathematically connected keys and making one of the keys, the public key, available for anyone to use. The other key is known as the private key. Uses include data encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the private key and vice versa.

SAM

SAM = Sequence Alignment Map

A text based form of BAM file.

SAM files can be problematically large.

uDNA = Undisclosed DNA

DNA which has not been disclosed.

For example, the process of comparing DNA for familial connection, without disclosing either parties’ DNA sequence to the other, nor to a third party.

Undisclosed DNA has opened up the possibility to email family, by use of ones own Undisclosed DNA.

WES

Whole Exome Sequence

A specific sub-set of a WGS, consisting of only the exome, which is about 1% to 2% of a WGS.

WGS

Whole Genome Sequence

The entire DNA sequence of a person, consisting of 3 billion base pairs.